by Navid Ganji
Lake Urmia, once one of the largest saltwater lakes in the world, is a natural wonder nestled between the provinces of East and West Azerbaijan in Iran. Although its water levels have dramatically declined over recent decades, this majestic lake continues to hold a special place in the hearts of locals and travelers alike.
Arrival at Lake Urmia: A Vast Horizon
As I approach the lake, the vastness of the landscape is breathtaking. The shimmering salt flats stretch out as far as the eye can see, the dry lakebed creating an eerie contrast to the few pockets of water still visible. Depending on the season, the lake can either be an expansive salt desert or a glistening body of water, teeming with life. Standing on the shore, I can hear the soft breeze carrying the scent of salt and dried earth.
The atmosphere is one of quiet reflection—there’s something almost haunting about the sight of a once-thriving body of water now struggling for survival. The reflections of the surrounding mountains, especially the snow-capped peaks in the distance, add a certain serenity to the scene. You can’t help but feel a deep connection to the land, its history, and the environmental struggles it faces.
The Impact of Climate Change and Human Activity
Lake Urmia’s story is one of both natural beauty and tragedy. Once covering an area of over 5,000 square kilometers, the lake has shrunk by over 80% in recent decades. Factors such as the diversion of rivers, over-extraction of water for agriculture, and the effects of climate change have led to this ecological disaster. The receding shoreline has left behind salt deposits, creating an almost otherworldly landscape.
I can’t help but feel a mix of awe and sadness as I walk along the shore, where the salt crystals shimmer in the sunlight. In the distance, the few remaining pockets of water seem like small, lonely islands amidst a vast desert. I think about the once-thriving ecosystem that depended on the lake—the diverse bird species, fish, and the communities that lived by its shores. It’s a poignant reminder of the delicate balance of nature and the consequences of human interference.
The People and Culture Around Lake Urmia
Despite the challenges the lake faces, the people living around its shores are resilient. The nearby towns, such as Urmia city, maintain their strong cultural ties to the lake. I see local fishermen, though fewer in number than before, still trying their luck with their nets, hoping to catch the last of the lake’s dwindling fish. The sense of community around the lake is strong—there are stories and songs passed down through generations about the lake’s beauty and its importance to the local way of life.
Locals often speak of Lake Urmia as a symbol of life and loss. They talk about the rich history of the area, including the ancient civilizations that flourished along its shores. I am captivated by the stories of the lake’s sacred importance in local culture, with some even believing that it possesses spiritual power, offering blessings and prosperity to those who respect it.
Unique Flora and Fauna
The unique ecosystem of Lake Urmia still manages to survive, albeit on a much smaller scale. The lake is home to various species of birds, including flamingos and pelicans, who stop by during their migratory journeys. Even though the water is saline, some species of fish have adapted to the harsh environment, and small invertebrates continue to thrive. As I stand on the shore, I notice the occasional bird soaring through the sky, a brief but powerful reminder of the life that still clings to the lake.
As for the flora, the edges of the lake are dotted with shrubs and salt-tolerant plants that have adapted to the extreme conditions. It’s a surprising display of resilience—life in its most determined form.
A Visit to the Islands
If you have the chance, a visit to one of the islands on Lake Urmia is a must. The islands, such as the island of Nakhoda, are scattered across the lake’s surface. These islands were once accessible by boat, but with the lowering water levels, access has become increasingly difficult. When I visited, the boat ride was a peaceful journey, taking me past salt-encrusted shorelines and giving me an intimate look at the lake’s ongoing transformation.
Walking on these islands feels like stepping into another world—silent, isolated, and yet profoundly beautiful. The stark contrast of the white salt against the blue sky and the distant mountains creates a surreal, almost dreamlike landscape.
A Lesson in Preservation
Visiting Lake Urmia is an experience that leaves a lasting impact. It’s a place that tells the story of human intervention and the consequences of environmental neglect. But it also speaks of hope—a hope that future generations can work together to restore the lake and its surrounding ecosystem. There are ongoing efforts to bring the lake back to life, such as conservation programs and initiatives to reduce water consumption in the region. As I leave, I can’t help but feel a sense of urgency about the need to protect such natural wonders.
Lake Urmia is not just a body of water—it’s a symbol of our relationship with nature, the fragility of the environment, and the responsibility we all share in preserving it for future generations.
If you’d like more information on this topic, feel free to email me. I’d be happy to send you more images and detailed texts to enhance your experience.
📧 Email: navidganjii@gmail.com
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